Infection prevention is a major concern in dental healthcare settings. Patients and dental healthcare professionals may be exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses (e.g. cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, HIV, staphylococci) that colonize or infect the respiratory tract or the oral cavity. These pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact, indirect contact with contaminated surfaces, droplets, and airborne microorganisms.