April 2022
Tool

Overview

Two goals are often at the center of current care models for mental or behavioral health: safety and healing. In the Emergency Department, design has traditionally focused on safety for both patients and staff through checklists for ligature-resistance. Newer approaches place a strong emphasis on healing, as well, resulting in a therapeutic approach for a more flexible use of a Treatment Room.

Each organization will need to balance priorities to meet specific performance standards and anticipated patient acuity to establish an appropriate solution. Some organizations may decide on a universal approach - the design must be flexible enough to accommodate a range of patient acuity, including those who may be experiencing behavioral or mental health issues. Generally, the evidence base for design of the Therapeutic ED Treatment Room focuses on deinstitutionalized design aesthetic that provides a sense of being both welcoming and safe.

In these diagrams, strategies that are focused solely on safety are indicated as such with an S

Click on one of the dots or the thumbnails below to learn more

  • Layout-Within Room

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress/anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Private rooms, based on patient acuity and model of care citation
    • Well organized, orderly environment citation
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Well organized, orderly environment citation
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient sense of control/ independence
    Design Strategies
    • Well organized, orderly environment citation
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Adequate space to accommodate telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Reduced noise
    Design Strategies
    • Private rooms, based on patient acuity and model of care citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced privacy
    Design Strategies
    • Private rooms, based on patient acuity and model of care citation
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Adequate space to accommodate telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Adequate space to accommodate telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Adequate space for team response when required to manage aggressive patient S citation
    • Room should be ligature-resistant or made ligature resistant by closing off equipment that could serve as a ligature point (e.g., lockable unbreakable glass cover, locking moveable partition, lockable sliding door/panel, pull-down rolling security door/coiling shutter) citation
    • Design for surveillance and visibility that is not reliant on technology citation
    • Direct sight lines from sitter, security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Avoid concealed corners that are not visible from doorway
    • Provide access to private ensuite patient bathroom citation
    • Consider bathroom door design and location to allow for adequate privacy while still allowing the staff members to make partial observations depending on patient acuity citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Adequate space for team response when required to manage aggressive patient S citation
    • Room should be ligature-resistant or made ligature resistant by closing off equipment that could serve as a ligature point (e.g., lockable unbreakable glass cover, locking moveable partition, lockable sliding door/panel, pull-down rolling security door/coiling shutter) citation
    • Design for surveillance and visibility that is not reliant on technology citation
    • Direct sight lines from sitter, security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Avoid concealed corners that are not visible from doorway
    Desirable Outcome
    Reduce use of restraints
    Design Strategies
    • Deinstitutionalized environment that provides a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Adequate space to accommodate telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
  • Layout-Room Location

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress/anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved sleep quality
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication/ interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; fall/injury prevention
    Design Strategies
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Location of Treatment Room should limit access to uncontrolled exits S citation
    • Design for surveillance and visibility that is not reliant on technology citation
    • Direct sight lines from sitter, security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Location of Treatment Room should limit access to uncontrolled exits S citation
    • Design for surveillance and visibility that is not reliant on technology citation
    • Direct sight lines from sitter, security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow for direct sight lines from sitter, security, and nursing staff to Treatment Room door and observation window citation
    • Room located to allow nurse station to face the room entry without having to turn chair to see door
    Desirable Outcome
    Caregiver health/ support/respite
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
  • Flooring

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Durable flooring that is easy to clean and maintain non-institutional quality aesthetic citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • Durable flooring that is easy to clean and maintain non-institutional quality aesthetic citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self and harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Secured floor finishes (e.g., sheet vinyl, meeting class A rating) to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Seamless epoxy or sheet vinyl flooring with an integral (coved preferred) wall bases (metal or plastic strips along the top of the integral base should not be applied at the top edge)
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; infection prevention
    Design Strategies
    • Durable flooring that is easy to clean and maintain non-institutional quality aesthetic citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of falls
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid intricate high contrast patterns and color combinations that may appear to animate or create other visual misperceptions
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced durability
    Design Strategies
    • Durable flooring that is easy to clean and maintain non-institutional quality aesthetic citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced cleanability
    Design Strategies
    • Secured floor finishes (e.g., sheet vinyl, meeting class A rating) to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Seamless epoxy or sheet vinyl flooring with an integral (coved preferred) wall bases (metal or plastic strips along the top of the integral base should not be applied at the top edge)
  • Walls

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress/anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    • Sound-absorbing soft surface material (e.g. sound- deadening gypsum board) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Painted finish
    • Design minimizing cues suggestive of danger citation
    • Avoid “institutional” colors (i.e. “institutional green”)
    • Subtle use of color in lieu of all-white walls
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Signage including positive words such as ‘Therapeutic’ or ‘Wellbeing’ instead of words that carry stigma such as ‘Mental Health’ or 'Psych- safe' citation
    • Appropriate background for telehealth/ telepsychiatry (i.e., solid, neutral color to enhance visibility of patient) citation
    • Ligature resistant patient communication board that can be easily cleaned (e.g., integrated white board panel or wall finish painted with durable chalkboard paint/whiteboard paint)
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved family engagement in patient care
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • Nature in art and/or prints citation
    • Incorporate nature images/artwork into full wall/panels
    Desirable Outcome
    Reduced noise
    Design Strategies
    • Sound-absorbing soft surface material (e.g. sound- deadening gypsum board) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced privacy
    Design Strategies
    • Sound-absorbing soft surface material (e.g. sound- deadening gypsum board) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication / interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • Sound-absorbing soft surface material (e.g. sound- deadening gypsum board) citation
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate background for telehealth/ telepsychiatry (i.e., solid, neutral color to enhance visibility of patient) citation
    • Ligature resistant patient communication board that can be easily cleaned (e.g., integrated white board panel or wall finish painted with durable chalkboard paint/whiteboard paint)
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant material (e.g., gypsum board hung on 20-guage or heavier metal studs spaced no more than 16 inches on center or double panels for drywall)
    • Communication system or panic (duress) alarm that is readily accessible S citation
    • Video surveillance or convex mirrors (with unbreakable glass) at the junction of the wall and ceiling to eliminate blind spots S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Efficient delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate background for telehealth/ telepsychiatry (i.e., solid, neutral color to enhance visibility of patient) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Materials that are unbreakable, non-toxic (e.g., paint), free of flame retardance, and cannot be used to cause suffocation S citation
    • Avoid objects and fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • Maximum wall length of 12 feet citation
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant material (e.g., gypsum board hung on 20-guage or heavier metal studs spaced no more than 16 inches on center or double panels for drywall)
    • Communication system or panic (duress) alarm that is readily accessible S citation
    • Video surveillance or convex mirrors (with unbreakable glass) at the junction of the wall and ceiling to eliminate blind spots S citation
    • Clock faces covered with non-breakable material and sloped frame, using tamper-resistant screws to hang high and out of reach S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; medication safety
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced durability
    Design Strategies
    • Painted finish
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant material (e.g., gypsum board hung on 20-guage or heavier metal studs spaced no more than 16 inches on center or double panels for drywall)
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate background for telehealth/ telepsychiatry (i.e., solid, neutral color to enhance visibility of patient) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Change-readiness / universal design
    Design Strategies
    • Co-morbid headwall with medical gasses designed to be ligature resistant or locked behind panel
  • Ceiling

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • High performance sound-absorbing gypsum wallboard (GWB) or use clip down ceiling tiles citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Reduced noise
    Design Strategies
    • High performance sound-absorbing gypsum wallboard (GWB) or use clip down ceiling tiles citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced privacy
    Design Strategies
    • High performance sound-absorbing gypsum wallboard (GWB) or use clip down ceiling tiles citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication / interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • High performance sound-absorbing gypsum wallboard (GWB) or use clip down ceiling tiles citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    • Video monitoring should be enclosed in tamper- resistant housing and include audio capability citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid objects and fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • Materials that are unbreakable, non-toxic (e.g., paint), free of flame retardance, and cannot be used to cause suffocation S citation
    • Ligature resistant fire sprinklers S citation
    • No exposed pipes, sprinkler heads, light fixtures, vents, or ducts S citation
    • Minimum ceiling height of 9’-0” S citation
    • Monolithic ceiling surface with key-lockable access panels that fit tightly to frames to restrict ceiling space access S citation
    • Avoid privacy curtains and tracks S citation
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    • Video monitoring should be enclosed in tamper- resistant housing and include audio capability citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    • Video monitoring should be enclosed in tamper- resistant housing and include audio capability citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced durability
    Design Strategies
    • Finishes, molding, and other interior details are secured to limit spaces where contraband items can be hidden citation
  • Windows

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • If exterior windows are included, provide visual privacy (e.g., high transom windows and/or solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or integral shades between glass panes) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • If exterior windows are included, provide visual privacy (e.g., high transom windows and/or solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or integral shades between glass panes) citation
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    • Maximize use of daylight citation
    • When possible, view to nature/natural landscapes (e.g., patient courtyard) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • If exterior windows are included, provide visual privacy (e.g., high transom windows and/or solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or integral shades between glass panes) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved sleep quality
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, view to nature/natural landscapes (e.g., patient courtyard) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    • Maximize use of daylight citation
    • When possible, view to nature/natural landscapes (e.g., patient courtyard) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced privacy
    Design Strategies
    • If exterior windows are included, provide visual privacy (e.g., high transom windows and/or solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or integral shades between glass panes) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Observation panel or window to allow continuous visual contact with the patient if located a sitter is located outside the room. S
    • Solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or shades between glass panes S citation
    • Avoid objects and fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • If operable windows are used, select ligature resistant windows that open 4” max citation
    • A vision panel in the door to see allow sight lines from corridor/nurse station to the patient lounger/recliner/bed citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Observation panel or window to allow continuous visual contact with the patient if located a sitter is located outside the room. S
    • Solid, cordless window treatments or glazing without any strings or chains, or shades between glass panes S citation
    • Avoid objects and fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • If operable windows are used, select ligature resistant windows that open 4” max citation
    • A vision panel in the door to see allow sight lines from corridor/nurse station to the patient lounger/recliner/bed citation
    • Polycarbonate or laminated unbreakable (safety) glass S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced durability
    Design Strategies
    • Polycarbonate or laminated unbreakable (safety) glass S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Caregiver health / support / respite
    Design Strategies
    • When possible, locate room on exterior to allow for exterior windows and provide natural daylight
    • Maximize use of daylight citation
    • When possible, view to nature/natural landscapes (e.g., patient courtyard) citation
  • Doors

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Design minimizing cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Design minimizing cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Design minimizing cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Accessibility; ease of use
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant door handles that do not allow patient to barricade the room citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced auditory privacy
    Design Strategies
    • Solid material (phenolic or similar) door to reduce noise
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication / interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • Direct sight lines from security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door citation
    • Unbreakable glass window pane in door
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Direct sight lines from security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door citation
    • Unbreakable glass window pane in door
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant door hinges, e.g., continuous hinge (e.g., geared or barrel type) with hospital tip (by manufacturer and not applied after hinge is installed), extending from the top of the door to the bottom in an unbroken manner S citation
    • Ligature resistant sliding doors or hinged doors that open in both directions or only to outside (or alternative anti-barricade strategies) S citation
    • No doors with hold-open devices or self-closers S citation
    • Sight lines through vision panel in door to see into room and or if door is open can see in room to patient recliner/lounger/bed
    • Avoid lock features on inside of door
    • Direct sight lines from security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door citation
    • Unbreakable glass window pane in door
    • Ligature resistant door handles that do not allow patient to barricade the room citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; fall / injury prevention
    Design Strategies
    • Direct sight lines from security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door citation
    • Unbreakable glass window pane in door
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant sliding doors or hinged doors that open in both directions or only to outside (or alternative anti-barricade strategies) S citation
    • No doors with hold-open devices or self-closers S citation
    • Sight lines through vision panel in door to see into room and or if door is open can see in room to patient recliner/lounger/bed
    • Avoid lock features on inside of door
    • Direct sight lines from security and nursing staff to Treatment Room door citation
    • Unbreakable glass window pane in door
    • Ligature resistant door handles that do not allow patient to barricade the room citation
  • Plumbing / Sink / Alcohol Gel Dispenser

    Desirable Outcome
    Efficient delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant sink with soap and alcohol gel dispenser located right next to room or, if located inside the room, that can be safely locked/concealed when necessary (e.g., locking movable partition, pull-down rolling security door/coiling shutter)
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant sink with soap and alcohol gel dispenser located right next to room or, if located inside the room, that can be safely locked/concealed when necessary (e.g., locking movable partition, pull-down rolling security door/coiling shutter)
    • Plumbing is concealed S
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduced risk of contamination / infection
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant sink with soap and alcohol gel dispenser located right next to room or, if located inside the room, that can be safely locked/concealed when necessary (e.g., locking movable partition, pull-down rolling security door/coiling shutter)
  • HVAC

    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • High-quality air filtration systems
    • Access to thermostat/options for heating/air
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient sense of control / independence
    Design Strategies
    • Access to thermostat/options for heating/air
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Serviceable components of HVAC terminal devices and covers, as well as vents, and grilles, should be located outside of the room (e.g., concealed within the duct system; accessed through the ceiling outside of the room) citation
    • Ligature resistant supply and return air grilles/diffusers
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; air quality
    Design Strategies
    • High-quality air filtration systems
  • Electrical

    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Outlets for telehealth/telepsychiatry capabilities citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Outlets for telehealth/telepsychiatry capabilities citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Outlets for telehealth/telepsychiatry capabilities citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) & GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets specified whenever possible citation
    • Tamper-resistant cover plates for electrical outlets citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Outlets for telehealth/telepsychiatry capabilities citation
  • Lighting

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid “institutional” lighting; lighting should provide a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Soft, indirect, and pervasive or full-spectrum lighting citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid “institutional” lighting; lighting should provide a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Soft, indirect, and pervasive or full-spectrum lighting citation
    • Windows bring in daylight citation
    • Provide amber night lighting fixture
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid “institutional” lighting; lighting should provide a sense of being welcome and secure citation
    • Soft, indirect, and pervasive or full-spectrum lighting citation
    • Lighting options that support a healing environment/provide positive distraction (e.g., light covers with nature images) citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient sense of control / independence
    Design Strategies
    • Access to options for lighting/controllable lighting with dimmable fixtures that can be adjusted for exam, tele-psych session, or to promote rest citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate lighting for telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved sleep quality
    Design Strategies
    • Windows bring in daylight citation
    • Provide amber night lighting fixture
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient satisfaction
    Design Strategies
    • Windows bring in daylight citation
    • Provide amber night lighting fixture
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate lighting for telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate lighting for telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Ligature resistant lights S citation
    • Avoid fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Appropriate lighting for telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Caregiver health / support / respite
    Design Strategies
    • Windows bring in daylight citation
    • Provide amber night lighting fixture
  • Furniture

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Patient bed/chair option (i.e., behavioral health med/surg bed, platform bed, lounger, recliner) to meet specific performance standards for anticipated patient acuity needs as defined by the organization’s care model
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Avoid “institutional” colors (i.e. “institutional green”)
    • Furniture design minimizes cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Patient bed/chair option (i.e., behavioral health med/surg bed, platform bed, lounger, recliner) to meet specific performance standards for anticipated patient acuity needs as defined by the organization’s care model
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Furniture design minimizes cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Patient comfort
    Design Strategies
    • Patient bed/chair option (i.e., behavioral health med/surg bed, platform bed, lounger, recliner) to meet specific performance standards for anticipated patient acuity needs as defined by the organization’s care model
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Avoid “institutional” colors (i.e. “institutional green”)
    • Furniture design minimizes cues suggestive of danger citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Furniture to support telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Furniture to support telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Furniture to support telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Patient bed/chair option (i.e., behavioral health med/surg bed, platform bed, lounger, recliner) to meet specific performance standards for anticipated patient acuity needs as defined by the organization’s care model
    • Furniture heavy enough to prevent it from being picked up and used as a weapon S citation
    • Furniture free from areas that increase ability to hide contraband S
    • Furniture positioned to allow a clear path to the door citation
    • Furniture within the room should be ligature resistant.
    • Avoid furnishings or other objects that might allow a patient to climb up to the ceiling S citation
    • Furnishings should be selected to minimize risk as a launching point
    • Materials that are unbreakable, non-toxic (e.g., paint), free of flame retardance, and cannot be used to cause suffocation S citation
    • Furniture free from anchor points, knobs and pulls should be designed to not support weight S citation
    • Furniture free of plastic, vinyl, or other materials that could be removed and used for suffocation or strangulation S citation
    • Damage-resistant furnishings that are easily repaired or replaced citation
    • Tamper-proof bed/lounger/recliner with minimal leverage points and no sheets/blankets/pillow or mattress covers S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Furniture heavy enough to prevent it from being picked up and used as a weapon S citation
    • Furniture free from areas that increase ability to hide contraband S
    • Furniture positioned to allow a clear path to the door citation
    • Furniture within the room should be ligature resistant.
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced durability
    Design Strategies
    • Damage-resistant furnishings that are easily repaired or replaced citation
    • Tamper-proof bed/lounger/recliner with minimal leverage points and no sheets/blankets/pillow or mattress covers S citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Furniture to support telehealth/telepsychiatry citation
  • Casework / Storage

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved family engagement in patient care
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication / interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Efficient delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Lockable space to house medical equipment that includes cords of any kind (e.g., call bell cords, power cords) to support ligature resistant design citation
    • Medical equipment and resources secured in a safe manner out of sight when not required, but to be available if needed
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid clothes hooks if programmatically possible, or provide ligature resistant clothes hooks S citation
    • Avoid shelves if programmatically possible, or provide ligature resistant shelves for personal belongings and clothes S citation
    • Counters should be protected (e.g., behind a panel) or designed so they are not a launching point.
    • Avoid rods of any kind, including breakaway clothing rods S citation
    • Lockable storage with automatic locking devices (e.g., touch-pad locks) S citation
    • Lockable space to house medical equipment that includes cords of any kind (e.g., call bell cords, power cords) to support ligature resistant design citation
    • Medical equipment and resources secured in a safe manner out of sight when not required, but to be available if needed
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; medication safety
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • Video surveillance or convex mirrors (with unbreakable glass) at the junction of the wall and ceiling to eliminate blind spots S citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Change-readiness / universal design
    Design Strategies
    • Co-morbid headwall with medical gasses designed to be ligature resistant or locked behind panel
  • Technology / Internet / Communication / Monitoring Equipment

    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize stigma
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    Desirable Outcome
    Minimize patient stress / anxiety
    Design Strategies
    • Required safety/security features are hidden, inconspicuous, or as unobtrusive as possible
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved patient engagement
    Design Strategies
    • Technology to support telehealth/ telebehavioral health integrated into wall system or footwall with no moving pieces citation
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Improved family engagement in patient care
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication / interaction with care provider
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced communication; staff to staff
    Design Strategies
    • Technology to support telehealth/ telebehavioral health integrated into wall system or footwall with no moving pieces citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Efficient delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safe delivery of care
    Design Strategies
    • Technology to support telehealth/ telebehavioral health integrated into wall system or footwall with no moving pieces citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; reduce risk of harm to self or harm to others
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • Video surveillance or convex mirrors (with unbreakable glass) at the junction of the wall and ceiling to eliminate blind spots S citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Safety; medication safety
    Design Strategies
    • Display to provide patient with orientation to time and place, the treatment they have been given, the team delivering care, and expectations for decision making citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Enhanced security
    Design Strategies
    • Avoid fixtures which might be used as weapons S citation
    • Video surveillance or convex mirrors (with unbreakable glass) at the junction of the wall and ceiling to eliminate blind spots S citation
    • Visually unobtrusive video monitoring without blind spots and with audio capability enclosed in tamper-resistant housing citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Psychosocial support
    Design Strategies
    • Technology to support telehealth/ telebehavioral health integrated into wall system or footwall with no moving pieces citation
    Desirable Outcome
    Change-readiness / universal design
    Design Strategies
    • Co-morbid headwall with medical gasses designed to be ligature resistant or locked behind panel